Pouring Nonprobate Assets into a Testamentary Trust: A Half-Protected Activity in Alaska

Den här rapporten ger en översikt över vad som gjorts och uppnåtts i projektet Grönovation under 2013 och fram till mars 2014. Rapporten innehåller ingen bakgrundsbeskrivning om projektet Grönovation. Det finns i andra dokument och kommer bli en del av kommande publikationer. Fokus här är att beskriva vilka aktiviteter som genomförts. Målet var att sammanfatta varje aktivitet snarare än att ge ”en hel uppsats” om varje. Vi kommer hänvisa till fördjupad dokumentation i de fall sådan är framtagen eller är på väg att tas fram. De olika aktiviteterna är presenterade i kronologisk ordning. Men i praktiken är flera av dem processer som löper över tiden. Några aktiviteter är fallstudier. Andra är påbörjade ”skarpa projekt”. Ytterligare några är av annan karaktär (t.ex. litteraturbaserade historiska studier). Vissa av fallstudierna speglar innovationer (eller tänkta innovationer). Andra speglar arenor som syftar till (eller de facto bidrar till) stimulans av innovativa processer. Den exakta kategoriseringen av aktiviteterna får göras senare i processen. Vi vill understryka att rapporten bara är delresultat. Analyser, fördjupade studier och mycket annat ligger framför oss. Men rapporten ger ändå en översikt och något att bygga vidare på. Vi är också medvetna om att rapporten kräver att läsaden är initierade i olika specialområden. Alla vet kanske inte vad en ”TopDown” är eller GPS switch är. I kommande publikationer med förmodat bredare läsekrets ska facktermer förklaras mer än vad vi gjort i detta utkast

Intestinal amino acid absorption in development

1. An in vitro preparation was employed to investigate uptake of a number of neutral and basic amino acids by the developing rat small intestine. 2. The kinetics of uptake of these substrates were determined from birth to maturity and changes described in the affinity for and rate of uptake by the jejunum particularly around the time of weaning. All the amino acids had a higher affinity for uptake and were accumulated to a greater extent by the jejunum during the first three weeks of life as compared with older animals. Similar kinetic profiles for certain amino acids suggested that they shared common uptake systems. 3. The specificity of neutral and basic amino acid uptake was examined developmentally by employing inhibition kinetics. The results suggested that while distinct neutral and basic uptake systems were present at birth, there was some functional overlap : neutral amino acids were able to use basic systems and vice versa. After three weeks of age, this picture changed and the uptake systems were much more defined. 4. Uptake of amino acids was found to depend to a large extent on energy derived from oxidative phosphorylation even at birth. This energy expenditure was directed toward maintaining a Na+ gradient across the enterocyte membrane and co-transport of neutral amino acids with Na+ thus promoted accumulation. The basic amino acids, however, were found not to be dependent on the existence of such an ion gradient but they did require the presence of Na+ ions for carrier binding, and their uptake demanded energy expenditure at some stage. 5. Precociously inducing the appearance of a functionally distinct absorptive cell was found to change the kinetics of basic amino acid uptake in the jejunum, and promote such specificity of uptake as was seen in older animals. 6. Changes in the developing small intestine itself have led to problems in the expression of results and these have been discussed at length in terms of their relation to these and other findings. 7. These results on the development of amino acid uptake systems are discussed in the context of morphological changes that occur postnatally in the small intestine, with particular reference to the appearance of a functionally distinct absorptive cell around the time of weaning, and are related to the physiological requirements of the neonatal animal

Remote Work as an Accommodation under the ADA in a Post-COVID World

The COVID-19 pandemic has raised the issue of what role remote work is to play in the future, and how we should use it to ensure fairness and productivity for both employers and employees. This is especially important for people with certain disabilities for whom remote work may be a helpful and flexible option. Even as society gradually returns to in-person work, disability advocates and others will ensure that remote work will remain a topic of discussion as it has proven over the last 18 months to have immense benefits both for people with disabilities and those without disabilities.[1] Remote work, however, has already been established under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and through case law as an accommodation for employees with disabilities, albeit a much rarer case and one more likely to cause undue hardship to the employer depending on the job.[2] The question that remains is whether Covid will have an impact on normalizing regular remote work in the future as an accommodation for employees with disabilities under the ADA. This post was originally published on the Cardozo Journal of Equal Rights and Social Justice website on October 7, 2021. The original post can be accessed via the Archived Link button above

Speak English like Shakespeare

This materials common expressions in everyday English derived from Shakespeare

Why should I learn English?. Reasons for improving your language skills

This material makes the case for studying English as part of an education degree

Role-play: school board meeting

This role-play activity allows students to simulate a school board meeting

Nursery rhymes

This material provides an overview of nursery rhymes in English and explains how they benefit children. A selection of popular nursery rhymes is included for discussion as to how each particular rhyme benefits children in the ways discussed in the presentation